By Jordan VanBerkum, Deputy Fire Marshal (Bismarck)
As winter sets in and heating systems run around the clock, carbon monoxide (CO) becomes a major seasonal hazard in our community. CO is a colorless, odorless gas produced by furnaces, fireplaces, water heaters, generators, and vehicles running in attached garages. Without proper detection, CO can build up quickly, leaving occupants with little to no warning. Every winter, fire departments across the country respond to emergencies that could have been prevented with basic maintenance and code-compliant CO protection.
The International Fire Code (IFC) provides the framework for keeping residents safe from carbon monoxide exposure. IFC Section 915 requires CO detection in buildings where fuel-burning appliances or attached garages are present. This applies especially to Group R (residential) and Group I (institutional) occupancies. The code also specifies where CO alarms must be installed, including locations outside sleeping areas and other spots where occupants are most likely to hear and respond to an alarm. These alarms must be installed and maintained in accordance with applicable standards referenced by the IFC, including NFPA 72.
IFC Section 603 also reinforces the importance of maintaining fuel-burning heating equipment. Blocked chimneys, clogged vents, and poorly maintained furnaces are among the most common causes of elevated CO levels during cold weather.
While code compliance is essential, prevention ultimately relies on consistent safety habits. We encourage all residents to test their CO alarms monthly, replace alarms at the end of their service life, and have heating appliances professionally serviced each year. Keep exterior vents and chimneys clear of snow and debris, and never run generators or fuel-burning equipment inside a home, garage, or near windows.
The winter season brings increased CO risks, but these incidents are preventable. By meeting IFC requirements and practicing good safety habits, we can significantly reduce carbon monoxide emergencies in our community. Your safety is our priority—please stay alert, stay prepared, and ensure your home is protected.
