By Doug Nelson, State Fire Marshal & Marcy Ost
Fire safety in North Dakota’s apartments and rental units is a shared responsibility—and the 2021 International Fire Code (IFC) outlines important requirements to help protect residents and responders alike.
For example, IFC Section 305.1 requires keeping a safe distance between ignition sources—like candles or open flames—and anything combustible. To reduce fire risks on balconies, IFC Section 308.1.4 prohibits open-flame cooking devices such as charcoal or propane grills on combustible balconies or within 10 feet of combustible construction in Group R-2 occupancies (which includes most apartments).
Maintaining safe exit routes is also critical. IFC Section 1032.1 mandates that hallways, stairwells, and other means of egress remain free of obstructions. IFC Section 1104.3 requires approved exit signage, and IFC Section 1104.5 calls for emergency lighting in existing buildings to ensure visibility during an evacuation. Fire extinguishers must be readily accessible under IFC Section 906.1, and annual maintenance must be documented with inspection tags.
Fire professionals conducting inspections should check for these key elements—clear exits, properly maintained extinguishers, visible exit signs, working emergency lights, and compliance with open-flame restrictions. It's also helpful to encourage property managers to educate tenants on the PASS technique (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) for effective extinguisher use.
Additional protection comes from IFC Section 915.1.1, which requires carbon monoxide alarms in units with fuel-burning appliances or attached garages. These alarms must be located near sleeping areas, and inspectors should confirm that appliances are properly maintained to prevent CO leaks. IFC Section 916.1 also requires gas detection systems in certain occupancies to provide early warning of dangerous gases like natural gas or carbon monoxide.
Together, these 2021 IFC standards are vital for protecting residents and supporting effective emergency response in apartments.